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220 questions · page 2 of 8
- Polity & Governance29 Apr 2026
Match the following correctly: 1. 35th Constitutional Amendment (1974) — a. Special provision protecting Sikkim's pre-merger laws and identity 2. 36th Constitutional Amendment (1975) — b. Made Sikkim an 'associate state' of India 3. Article 371F — c. Conferred full statehood on Sikkim Select the correct option:
- A.1-a, 2-b, 3-c
- B.1-b, 2-c, 3-a
- C.1-c, 2-a, 3-b
- D.1-b, 2-a, 3-c
Show solution
Answer: B. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a
**35th Amendment (1974)** made Sikkim an **'associate state'** of India with representation in Parliament — predecessor framework (1-b). **36th Amendment (1975)** conferred **full statehood** on Sikkim, making it the 22nd state effective 16 May 1975 (2-c). **Article 371F** was inserted by the 36th Amendment as a **special provision protecting Sikkim's pre-merger laws** (Sikkim Subject Act 1961, Sikkim Income Tax Manual 1948) and ensuring Sikkimese representation and identity (3-a).
Read source story → - Polity & Governance29 Apr 2026
Consider the following statements about Sikkim's path to statehood: 1. The Kingdom of Sikkim was established in 1642 with Phuntsog Namgyal as the first Chogyal. 2. The Treaty of Tumlong (1861) made Sikkim a British protectorate. 3. The 1950 Indo-Sikkim Treaty made Sikkim a fully sovereign state. 4. Sikkim became India's 22nd state on 16 May 1975 via the 36th Constitutional Amendment. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A.1, 2 and 4 only
- B.1, 3 and 4 only
- C.2, 3 and 4 only
- D.1, 2, 3 and 4
Show solution
Answer: A. 1, 2 and 4 only
Statement 1 is correct — **Phuntsog Namgyal** was the **first Chogyal** consecrated at Yuksom in **1642**. Statement 2 is correct — the **Treaty of Tumlong, 1861** made Sikkim a **British protectorate**. Statement 3 is **incorrect** — the **1950 Indo-Sikkim Treaty** made Sikkim an **Indian protectorate** (NOT sovereign), with India controlling defence, external affairs, and strategic communications. Statement 4 is correct — Sikkim became the **22nd state on 16 May 1975** via the **36th Constitutional Amendment**.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance29 Apr 2026
Which constitutional provisions provide protection in arrest, and what is the D K Basu (1996) ruling?
- A.Only Article 14 applies
- B.Article 22 provides procedural safeguards (right to know grounds; consult legal practitioner; production before nearest magistrate within 24 hours); Articles 21 and 14 add substantive protections; D K Basu vs State of West Bengal (1996) laid down 11 binding guidelines for police regarding arrest and detention to prevent custodial torture, including arrest memo, identity recording, medical examination, and intimation to family
- C.Article 19 alone covers arrest
- D.No constitutional safeguards exist
Show solution
Answer: B. Article 22 provides procedural safeguards (right to know grounds; consult legal practitioner; production before nearest magistrate within 24 hours); Articles 21 and 14 add substantive protections; D K Basu vs State of West Bengal (1996) laid down 11 binding guidelines for police regarding arrest and detention to prevent custodial torture, including arrest memo, identity recording, medical examination, and intimation to family
**Article 22** of the Constitution provides procedural safeguards in arrest: right to be informed of grounds, right to consult legal practitioner, and production before nearest magistrate within 24 hours (excluding journey time). **Article 21** provides substantive due-process protection (right to life and personal liberty), and **Article 14** provides equality before law. The Supreme Court's landmark ruling in **D K Basu vs State of West Bengal (1996)** laid down **11 binding guidelines** for police arrests and detentions to prevent custodial abuse — including arrest memo, identity recording, medical examination, and intimation to family. UAPA's **Section 43D(5)** further raises the bar for bail.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance29 Apr 2026
What is the constitutional and statutory framework for the right to education in India?
- A.Only Directive Principle Article 45 applies
- B.Constitutional foundation: Article 21A (inserted by 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2002, effective 1 April 2010) makes free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14; Article 45 (DPSP, amended 2002) directs State to provide early childhood care below 6; Article 51A(k) makes it a fundamental duty of parents to provide education; statutory operationalisation through RTE Act 2009 (effective 1 April 2010); Section 12(1)(c) mandates 25% quota in private unaided schools; Article 30 exempts unaided minority schools (per Pramati 2014)
- C.Only the RTE Act 2009 applies; no constitutional basis
- D.Education is a State subject only
Show solution
Answer: B. Constitutional foundation: Article 21A (inserted by 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2002, effective 1 April 2010) makes free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14; Article 45 (DPSP, amended 2002) directs State to provide early childhood care below 6; Article 51A(k) makes it a fundamental duty of parents to provide education; statutory operationalisation through RTE Act 2009 (effective 1 April 2010); Section 12(1)(c) mandates 25% quota in private unaided schools; Article 30 exempts unaided minority schools (per Pramati 2014)
The right to education in India has a **layered constitutional and statutory architecture**: **Article 21A** (inserted by 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002; effective 1 April 2010) makes free and compulsory education a **fundamental right for children aged 6-14**. **Article 45** (DPSP) was amended to direct the State to provide early childhood care for children **below 6**. **Article 51A(k)** makes it a **fundamental duty of parents** to provide educational opportunities to children aged 6-14. The **RTE Act 2009** (effective 1 April 2010) operationalises Article 21A, with **Section 12(1)(c)** mandating the **25% quota** in private unaided schools. **Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust (2014)** held RTE inapplicable to **unaided minority schools** under **Article 30**.
Read source story → - International29 Apr 2026
Which other countries have previously left OPEC, and in what years?
- A.Saudi Arabia (1990) and Iran (2000)
- B.Indonesia (left 2009; rejoined 2016; suspended 2017); Qatar (January 2019, focused on LNG leadership); Ecuador (January 2020); Angola (January 2024 over quota disputes)
- C.USA (1973) and Norway (1985)
- D.China (2010) and Brazil (2015)
Show solution
Answer: B. Indonesia (left 2009; rejoined 2016; suspended 2017); Qatar (January 2019, focused on LNG leadership); Ecuador (January 2020); Angola (January 2024 over quota disputes)
**Previous OPEC exits**: **Indonesia** (left 2009, rejoined 2016, suspended again 2017); **Qatar** (left **January 2019** to focus on LNG leadership); **Ecuador** (left **January 2020** for fiscal reasons); **Angola** (left **January 2024** over quota disputes). The UAE's exit on **1 May 2026** is the most influential of these given UAE's status as OPEC's third-largest producer and one of the few members alongside Saudi Arabia with meaningful spare production capacity to influence prices.
Read source story → - International29 Apr 2026
When and where was OPEC founded, and who were its founding members?
- A.1948 in Cairo; Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria
- B.September 1960 at the Baghdad Conference; founding members Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela; HQ since 1965 in Vienna, Austria (originally in Geneva 1960-1965)
- C.1971 in Abu Dhabi; UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain
- D.2000 in Vienna; Russia, Saudi Arabia, USA, China, India
Show solution
Answer: B. September 1960 at the Baghdad Conference; founding members Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela; HQ since 1965 in Vienna, Austria (originally in Geneva 1960-1965)
**OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)** was founded in **September 1960 at the Baghdad Conference** by five founding members: **Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela**. Its headquarters was originally in **Geneva, Switzerland (1960-1965)** and moved to **Vienna, Austria in 1965**, where it has remained. After the UAE's exit, OPEC has 11 members controlling ~30% of global oil supply. **OPEC+** (since 2016) adds 10 non-OPEC partners — Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Bahrain, Brunei, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, South Sudan, Sudan — for a combined ~41% of global supply.
Read source story → - International29 Apr 2026
Where was the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) announced, and how does it relate to the Strait of Hormuz?
- A.Announced at COP28 Dubai 2023; replaces Hormuz
- B.Announced at the G20 New Delhi Summit in September 2023; offers an alternative connectivity route between India and Europe via the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel — reducing Hormuz transit dependence
- C.Announced at WTO Geneva 2024
- D.Announced at AUKUS Summit 2025
Show solution
Answer: B. Announced at the G20 New Delhi Summit in September 2023; offers an alternative connectivity route between India and Europe via the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel — reducing Hormuz transit dependence
The **India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)** was **announced at the G20 New Delhi Summit in September 2023**. It is a transcontinental connectivity initiative connecting India to Europe via the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel. In the context of UAE's OPEC exit and ongoing **Strait of Hormuz** disruptions during the US-Israel war on Iran, IMEC offers India an alternative connectivity route, reducing transit dependence on the Hormuz chokepoint (which carries ~20% of the world's crude and LNG).
Read source story → - International29 Apr 2026
When does the UAE's exit from OPEC and OPEC+ take effect, and how long was its membership?
- A.31 December 2025; 70 years of membership
- B.1 May 2026 (announced 28 April 2026 by UAE Energy Minister Suhail Al Mazrouei); ending nearly six decades of membership since 1967 (through the emirate of Abu Dhabi, before the UAE was formed as a country in 1971)
- C.1 January 2030; 10 years of membership
- D.15 August 2026; 25 years of membership
Show solution
Answer: B. 1 May 2026 (announced 28 April 2026 by UAE Energy Minister Suhail Al Mazrouei); ending nearly six decades of membership since 1967 (through the emirate of Abu Dhabi, before the UAE was formed as a country in 1971)
The **UAE's exit from OPEC and OPEC+ takes effect on Friday, 1 May 2026**, as announced by **UAE Energy Minister Suhail Al Mazrouei** on **Tuesday, 28 April 2026**. The UAE's OPEC membership began in **1967 through the emirate of Abu Dhabi** (the UAE was formed as a country only in 1971 as a federation of seven emirates), so the exit ends **nearly six decades of membership**. UAE was OPEC's **third-largest producer** at the time of exit, with ~4.8 million bpd capacity and a target of 5 million bpd by 2027.
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
When was the Badminton World Federation founded, and where is it headquartered?
- A.1924; London, UK
- B.1934 (originally as International Badminton Federation; renamed BWF in 2006); HQ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- C.1980; Beijing, China
- D.2000; Geneva, Switzerland
Show solution
Answer: B. 1934 (originally as International Badminton Federation; renamed BWF in 2006); HQ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The **Badminton World Federation (BWF)** was founded in **1934** as the **International Badminton Federation (IBF)** and was **renamed BWF in 2006**. Its headquarters is in **Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia**. The BWF is the international governing body of badminton and is currently led by **President Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul of Thailand** — the first Asian woman to lead the BWF.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
What is Ladakh's status as a Union Territory in terms of legislature, and which constitutional provision governs its administration?
- A.Has a full legislative assembly under Article 239A
- B.Ladakh has NO legislative assembly; it is administered through the Lieutenant Governor under Article 239 of the Constitution; Article 239A (legislature for UTs) applies to Puducherry and J&K but NOT Ladakh
- C.Has a Council of Ministers but no LG
- D.Has dual administration with Centre + State both involved
Show solution
Answer: B. Ladakh has NO legislative assembly; it is administered through the Lieutenant Governor under Article 239 of the Constitution; Article 239A (legislature for UTs) applies to Puducherry and J&K but NOT Ladakh
**Ladakh has no legislative assembly** — it is administered directly through the **Lieutenant Governor under Article 239** of the Constitution. **Article 239A** provides for legislatures in certain UTs, but applies to **Puducherry and J&K only**, not Ladakh. **LAHDC Leh** (Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Leh, established 1995) and **LAHDC Kargil** (established 2003) provide some local democratic representation. Civil-society groups continue to demand inclusion under the **Sixth Schedule** of the Constitution to protect tribal rights and identity.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
Who is currently the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh as of April 2026, and who was his immediate predecessor?
- A.Radha Krishna Mathur, succeeding B D Mishra
- B.Vinai Kumar Saxena (since 13 March 2026, previously LG of Delhi); succeeded Kavinder Gupta who resigned on 5 March 2026 after just 9 months in office
- C.Manoj Sinha, succeeding Mathur
- D.B D Mishra, succeeding Saxena
Show solution
Answer: B. Vinai Kumar Saxena (since 13 March 2026, previously LG of Delhi); succeeded Kavinder Gupta who resigned on 5 March 2026 after just 9 months in office
**Vinai Kumar Saxena** is the current Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh — he is the **4th LG**, having taken oath on **13 March 2026** after previously serving as the **LG of Delhi**. He succeeded **Kavinder Gupta** (the 3rd LG) who resigned on **5 March 2026** after just **nine months in office** (he had been appointed on 14 July 2025) and was subsequently appointed as **Governor of Himachal Pradesh in 2026**. The earlier LGs were Radha Krishna Mathur (1st, 2019-2023) and Brigadier (Dr) B D Mishra (2nd, 2023-2025).
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
Which Olympic medals has P V Sindhu won, and what is her highest BWF World Championships honour?
- A.Gold and silver Olympic; Silver World Championships
- B.Silver at Rio 2016 (first Indian woman Olympic silver in any sport) and Bronze at Tokyo 2020; Gold at BWF World Championships 2019 in Basel, Switzerland — first Indian to win the World Championship title
- C.Two gold Olympic; no World Championships medal
- D.Three bronze Olympic; Bronze World Championships
Show solution
Answer: B. Silver at Rio 2016 (first Indian woman Olympic silver in any sport) and Bronze at Tokyo 2020; Gold at BWF World Championships 2019 in Basel, Switzerland — first Indian to win the World Championship title
**P V Sindhu** won the **Silver medal at Rio 2016 Olympics** in women's singles — making her the **first Indian woman to win an Olympic silver in any sport** — and the **Bronze medal at Tokyo 2020 Olympics** (held July-August 2021). She won the **Gold medal at the BWF World Championships in Basel, Switzerland in 2019** — becoming the **first Indian to win the World Championship title** in badminton. Her coach is **Pullela Gopichand**.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
When did Ladakh become a Union Territory, and under which legislation?
- A.1 January 2020 under Constitution Amendment Act
- B.31 October 2019 under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 — following the abrogation of Article 370 on 5 August 2019
- C.15 August 1947 under Independence Act
- D.26 January 1950 under Constitution
Show solution
Answer: B. 31 October 2019 under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 — following the abrogation of Article 370 on 5 August 2019
**Ladakh became a Union Territory on 31 October 2019** under the **Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019**. The Act was passed by Parliament on **5 August 2019**, the same day as the **abrogation of Article 370** of the Constitution that had given special status to J&K. The Act bifurcated the erstwhile state of J&K into two UTs: **Jammu & Kashmir (with legislature)** and **Ladakh (without legislature)**.
Read source story → - Economy & Banking28 Apr 2026
Which fintech firm received RBI approval for an NBFC licence in April 2026?
- A.Paytm
- B.One MobiKwik Systems — will operate through wholly-owned subsidiary MobiKwik Financial Services Private Limited (MFSPL); approval reportedly came within four months
- C.PhonePe
- D.Razorpay
Show solution
Answer: B. One MobiKwik Systems — will operate through wholly-owned subsidiary MobiKwik Financial Services Private Limited (MFSPL); approval reportedly came within four months
**One MobiKwik Systems** has received approval from the **Reserve Bank of India (RBI)** for a **Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) licence** — enabling it to enter regulated lending through its new wholly-owned subsidiary **MobiKwik Financial Services Private Limited (MFSPL)**. The approval reportedly came within **four months** of application. Co-founder **Upasana Taku** said the milestone strengthens MobiKwik's transition from payments-only to a full-scale financial services platform.
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
What new role has P V Sindhu taken on at the Badminton World Federation in 2026?
- A.BWF President
- B.Voting member of the BWF Council, after being elected Chair of the BWF Athletes Commission in late 2025; first appearance at BWF AGM in Horsens, Denmark
- C.BWF Vice-President
- D.Coach of the World Mixed Team
Show solution
Answer: B. Voting member of the BWF Council, after being elected Chair of the BWF Athletes Commission in late 2025; first appearance at BWF AGM in Horsens, Denmark
**P V Sindhu** has joined the **Badminton World Federation (BWF) Council as a voting member** in 2026, after being elected **Chair of the BWF Athletes Commission in late 2025**. Her first appearance in the role came at the **BWF Annual General Meeting (AGM) held in Horsens, Denmark**. The appointment is considered historic as it is **rare for an active elite athlete** to hold a voting position on a global sports federation council.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
Which five new districts of Ladakh were approved by LG Vinai Kumar Saxena on 27 April 2026?
- A.Leh, Kargil, Nubra, Zanskar, Suru
- B.Nubra, Sham, Changthang, Zanskar, and Drass — taking the total from 2 (Leh + Kargil) to 7
- C.Anantnag, Pulwama, Sopore, Kupwara, Bandipore
- D.Hunder, Pangong, Tso Kar, Hanle, Lamayuru
Show solution
Answer: B. Nubra, Sham, Changthang, Zanskar, and Drass — taking the total from 2 (Leh + Kargil) to 7
**Ladakh Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena** approved the creation of **five new districts — Nubra, Sham, Changthang, Zanskar, and Drass** — on **27 April 2026**, taking the total from **2 (Leh and Kargil) to 7**. The Ministry of Home Affairs had approved the formation in **August 2024** under Union HM Amit Shah. On **28 April 2026**, the LG also approved appointments of Deputy Commissioners and Superintendents of Police for all five new districts.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
Which 2024 state legislation became the first in independent India to enact a Uniform Civil Code, requiring registration of live-in relationships?
- A.Goa UCC
- B.Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code (UCC), 2024 — passed by the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly in February 2024
- C.Tamil Nadu Civil Code
- D.Maharashtra UCC
Show solution
Answer: B. Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code (UCC), 2024 — passed by the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly in February 2024
The **Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code (UCC), 2024** is the first state-level UCC in independent India, passed by the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly in **February 2024**. It mandates **registration of live-in relationships**, provides equal inheritance rights, and unifies marriage/divorce rules across communities. Goa has had a Portuguese-era civil code since 1867 (Portuguese Civil Code, 1867), but Uttarakhand is the first state to enact a fresh UCC under the Indian Constitution.
Read source story → - International28 Apr 2026
Under what pledge framework did India announce 'net-zero by 2070' and the 500 GW non-fossil capacity target?
- A.Stockholm Declaration 1972
- B.Panchamrit pledges at COP26 Glasgow in November 2021
- C.Rio Declaration 1992
- D.Belém Communique 2025
Show solution
Answer: B. Panchamrit pledges at COP26 Glasgow in November 2021
India's **Panchamrit pledges** were announced by **PM Modi at COP26 Glasgow in November 2021** as a five-point commitment: **(1) net-zero by 2070**; (2) **500 GW non-fossil installed capacity by 2030**; (3) 50% energy from renewables by 2030; (4) 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction by 2030; (5) 45% reduction in emissions intensity of GDP by 2030 (vs 2005 baseline). India updated its 2015 NDCs in 2022 to reflect these pledges.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
Under which statute are live-in relationships covered for civil protection in India?
- A.The Hindu Marriage Act 1955 alone
- B.The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 — Section 2(f) defines 'domestic relationship' to include relationships 'in the nature of marriage'
- C.Indian Evidence Act 1872
- D.Special Marriage Act 1954
Show solution
Answer: B. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 — Section 2(f) defines 'domestic relationship' to include relationships 'in the nature of marriage'
Live-in relationships are covered for civil protections under the **Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), 2005**. **Section 2(f)** of PWDVA defines 'domestic relationship' to include relationships **'in the nature of marriage'** — interpreted by the Supreme Court in **D Velusamy v D Patchaiammal (2010)** through five conditions, and refined further in **Indra Sarma v V K V Sarma (2013)** with an eight-feature test. PWDVA does NOT criminalise the relationship itself; it provides civil remedies.
Read source story → - International28 Apr 2026
When was the Paris Agreement adopted, and when did it enter into force?
- A.1992 at Rio; 1994
- B.Adopted 12 December 2015 at COP21 Paris; entered into force 4 November 2016
- C.1997 at Kyoto; 2005
- D.2009 at Copenhagen; 2010
Show solution
Answer: B. Adopted 12 December 2015 at COP21 Paris; entered into force 4 November 2016
The **Paris Agreement** was adopted on **12 December 2015** at **COP21 in Paris**, and **entered into force on 4 November 2016**. Its central goal is to limit the increase in global average temperature to **well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels** and **pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C**. It is built on country-driven **Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)** that each party submits and updates every 5 years, with a ratchet mechanism for increasing ambition.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
Although the Supreme Court declined criminal prosecution, what relief did it permit for the child born from the live-in relationship?
- A.Custody only to the father
- B.Maintenance under Section 125 CrPC (now Section 144 BNSS, 2023 from 1 July 2024) — child rights protected regardless of parents' relationship status
- C.Adoption by the state
- D.No relief permitted
Show solution
Answer: B. Maintenance under Section 125 CrPC (now Section 144 BNSS, 2023 from 1 July 2024) — child rights protected regardless of parents' relationship status
The court clarified that the woman could seek **maintenance for the 8-year-old child** born from the relationship. **Section 125 of the CrPC (1973)** — now **Section 144 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023** from **1 July 2024** — provides for maintenance of children (legitimate or illegitimate) who are unable to maintain themselves. The bench held that **child rights remain protected regardless of the nature of the parents' relationship**.
Read source story → - Polity & Governance28 Apr 2026
Under which provision of the Domestic Violence Act 2005 are live-in relationships covered?
- A.Section 1(a) — definitions
- B.Section 2(f) — defines 'domestic relationship' to include those 'in the nature of marriage'
- C.Section 5(c) — protection orders
- D.Section 12(d) — residence orders
Show solution
Answer: B. Section 2(f) — defines 'domestic relationship' to include those 'in the nature of marriage'
**Section 2(f)** of the **Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005** defines 'domestic relationship' to include those 'in the nature of marriage'. The Supreme Court in **D Velusamy v D Patchaiammal (2010)** laid down five conditions for what qualifies as 'in the nature of marriage', refined further in **Indra Sarma v V K V Sarma (2013)** with an eight-feature test.
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
Where will the inaugural Olympic Esports Games be held, and in which year?
- A.India, 2024
- B.Saudi Arabia, 2027 (IOC-confirmed)
- C.Japan, 2025
- D.France, 2028
Show solution
Answer: B. Saudi Arabia, 2027 (IOC-confirmed)
The **Olympic Esports Games** will debut in **Saudi Arabia in 2027** — confirmed by the **International Olympic Committee (IOC)**. It will be the first dedicated Olympic-branded esports event. Esports has previously been a medal event at the **2022 Asian Games Hangzhou** (8 titles) and continued at the **2026 Asian Games Aichi-Nagoya, Japan**. India's IOC-recognised national federation is the **Esports Federation of India (ESFI)**.
Read source story → - Economy & Banking28 Apr 2026
When was the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) established (in its current name), and what does it oversee?
- A.1992 — only solar power
- B.Renamed to MNRE in 2006 from the earlier Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (1992); oversees solar, wind, small hydro, biomass, geothermal, ocean, hydrogen, and decentralised renewable applications
- C.2014 — only renewable equipment manufacturing
- D.2018 — only hydrogen and electric vehicles
Show solution
Answer: B. Renamed to MNRE in 2006 from the earlier Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (1992); oversees solar, wind, small hydro, biomass, geothermal, ocean, hydrogen, and decentralised renewable applications
The **Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources** was established in **1992** and renamed to **Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)** in **2006**. MNRE is the nodal ministry for renewable-energy development in India, overseeing **solar, wind, small hydro, biomass, geothermal, ocean, hydrogen**, and decentralised renewable applications. It implements through agencies including **IREDA, SECI, NIWE, NISE, and NIBE**.
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
Which 2025 Indian legislation gave official recognition to esports as a competitive sport?
- A.Information Technology Act 2000
- B.Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025
- C.Sports Code 2011
- D.National Sports Federation Act
Show solution
Answer: B. Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025
The **Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025** is India's first comprehensive online-gaming legislation. It gave **official recognition to esports** as a competitive sport, distinguishes **games of skill** (esports, fantasy sports) from **games of chance** (gambling), and establishes a regulatory framework for online gaming platforms. It strengthened the ecosystem for organised competitive gaming and professional esports careers in India.
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
When did India last host a Formula 1 Grand Prix, and at which circuit?
- A.2010 at Madras Motor Race Track, Chennai
- B.2013 at Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida (built by Jaypee Group; opened October 2011; ran 2011-2013)
- C.2018 at Kari Motor Speedway, Coimbatore
- D.2020 at Yamuna Expressway
Show solution
Answer: B. 2013 at Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida (built by Jaypee Group; opened October 2011; ran 2011-2013)
India last hosted a **Formula 1 Grand Prix** in **2013** at the **Buddh International Circuit (BIC)** in **Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh**. The circuit was built and operated by the **Jaypee Group**, opened in October 2011, and hosted the **Indian Grand Prix 2011-2013**. **Sebastian Vettel won** the inaugural 2011 race. The series was discontinued after 2013 over taxation classification disputes (entertainment tax) and financial issues.
Read source story → - Sports28 Apr 2026
Which Indian organisation has partnered with Formula 1 to launch the F1 Sim Racing India Open 2026?
- A.Tata Motorsport
- B.Mumbai Falcons Racing Limited
- C.Mahindra Racing
- D.JK Tyre Motorsport
Show solution
Answer: B. Mumbai Falcons Racing Limited
**Formula 1** has partnered with **Mumbai Falcons Racing Limited** — an Indian motorsport organisation active on international racing circuits — to launch the **F1 Sim Racing India Open 2026**. It is India's first official F1-sanctioned sim racing championship. The format is **online qualifiers → city rounds → national championship round in Mumbai**, played on the official F1 video game platform.
Read source story → - Economy & Banking28 Apr 2026
What is the carbon-intensity reduction target under the Harit Nauka Guidelines?
- A.50% reduction by 2025
- B.30% reduction in carbon intensity of inland waterway-based passenger transport by 2030
- C.100% net-zero by 2030
- D.10% reduction by 2050
Show solution
Answer: B. 30% reduction in carbon intensity of inland waterway-based passenger transport by 2030
The **Harit Nauka Inland Vessels Green Transition Guidelines** target a **30% reduction in carbon intensity** of inland waterway-based passenger transport by **2030**. The guidelines promote **LNG and electric inland vessels** as part of India's broader maritime decarbonisation push, complementing initiatives like the Coastal Cargo Promotion Scheme and Jalvahak Cargo Promotion Scheme.
Read source story → - Economy & Banking28 Apr 2026
When was NITI Aayog established, and what did it replace?
- A.1 January 2015; replaced the Planning Commission
- B.15 August 2014; replaced the Finance Ministry
- C.26 January 2017; replaced the Cabinet Secretariat
- D.1 July 2017; replaced the Finance Commission
Show solution
Answer: A. 1 January 2015; replaced the Planning Commission
**NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)** was established on **1 January 2015**, replacing the **Planning Commission** which had operated since 1950. NITI Aayog functions as the policy think tank of the Government of India, with the **PM as Chairperson** and **Suman K. Bery as Vice-Chairperson** (as of 2026).
Read source story → - International28 Apr 2026
At which COP did India's PM Modi announce the country's net-zero by 2070 target and the Panchamrit pledges?
- A.COP21 Paris (2015)
- B.COP26 Glasgow (November 2021)
- C.COP28 Dubai (2023)
- D.COP30 Belém (2025)
Show solution
Answer: B. COP26 Glasgow (November 2021)
PM Narendra Modi announced India's **net-zero by 2070** target and the **five-point Panchamrit pledges** at **COP26 Glasgow** in **November 2021**. The Panchamrit includes: net-zero by 2070, 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030, 50% energy from renewables by 2030, 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction by 2030, and 45% reduction in emissions intensity of GDP by 2030 (vs 2005 baseline).
Read source story →