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Subject
Month
28 questions
- Science & Tech30 Apr 2026
NISAR — launched on 30 July 2025 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre — is a joint Earth-observation mission between NASA and which other space agency?
- A.ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
- B.JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
- C.ESA (European Space Agency)
- D.Roscosmos (Russian Federal Space Agency)
Show solution
Answer: A. ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
**NISAR** stands for **NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar** — a joint mission with the **Indian Space Research Organisation**. NASA provided the L-band radar; ISRO's Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad provided the S-band radar; the launch was on India's GSLV from Sriharikota. The other agencies — JAXA, ESA, Roscosmos — have separate Earth-observation programmes but were not partners in NISAR.
Read source story → - Science & Tech29 Apr 2026
Which is the largest freshwater lake in India?
- A.Dal Lake
- B.Wular Lake
- C.Manasbal Lake
- D.Chilika Lake
Show solution
Answer: B. Wular Lake
**Wular Lake** in Bandipora district of Kashmir is the **largest freshwater lake in India**. It is a Ramsar-designated wetland (since 1990). Dal Lake is a famous urban lake in Srinagar but smaller. Manasbal Lake is the **deepest** lake in Kashmir, not the largest. Chilika Lake (Odisha) is India's **largest brackish-water (saltwater) lagoon** — not freshwater.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, covered under the Meghalaya component, is known as a centre of diversity for which crop?
- A.Banana
- B.Citrus
- C.Mango
- D.Tea
Show solution
Answer: B. Citrus
Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in the West Garo Hills, Meghalaya, is a known centre of citrus diversity. It hosts Citrus indica (the Indian wild orange), considered an ancestor of all cultivated citrus species. It was declared a biosphere reserve in 1988 and added to the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list in 2009.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) — apex agency for India's faunal documentation — was established in which year and is headquartered where?
- A.1856 in Mumbai
- B.1916 in Kolkata
- C.1947 in Delhi
- D.1972 in Chennai
Show solution
Answer: B. 1916 in Kolkata
The Zoological Survey of India was established on 1 July 1916, with headquarters in Kolkata. It operates under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and is the apex agency for surveying and documenting India's faunal resources.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The project's Tamil Nadu component is centred on the Sathyamangalam landscape, which lies at the confluence of which two ghats and includes which tiger reserves?
- A.Eastern Ghats and Vindhyas; Periyar and Anamalai TR
- B.Western and Eastern Ghats; Mudumalai and Sathyamangalam TR
- C.Western Ghats and Aravallis; Bandipur and Nagarhole TR
- D.Eastern and Satpura Ghats; Tadoba and Pench TR
Show solution
Answer: B. Western and Eastern Ghats; Mudumalai and Sathyamangalam TR
The Sathyamangalam landscape lies at the confluence of the Western and Eastern Ghats. It encompasses the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (declared 1973-74) and the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (declared 2013, the 51st tiger reserve of India).
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) — apex body for agricultural research in India — was established in which year?
- A.1857
- B.1929
- C.1947
- D.1972
Show solution
Answer: B. 1929
ICAR was established in 1929 (initially as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research). It is the apex body for coordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture in India, headquartered in New Delhi. It functions under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The Per Drop More Crop component, which complements precision-agriculture approaches, is part of which Indian scheme?
- A.MGNREGA
- B.Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
- C.PM-KISAN
- D.National Food Security Mission
Show solution
Answer: B. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
Per Drop More Crop is a component of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), launched in 2015 with the motto 'Har Khet Ko Pani' (water to every field). The scheme focuses on accelerated irrigation, micro-irrigation expansion, and watershed development. PM-KISAN is income-support; MGNREGA is rural-employment; National Food Security Mission focuses on production of rice, wheat, pulses, etc.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The Western Ghats — endemic habitat of the Nilgiri Tahr — was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in which year, with how many component sites?
- A.2008 with 25 components
- B.2010 with 30 components
- C.2012 with 39 components
- D.2015 with 50 components
Show solution
Answer: C. 2012 with 39 components
The Western Ghats were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012 with 39 component sites distributed across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Goa. The Western Ghats are one of the world's 8 'hottest hotspots' of biological diversity (Norman Myers' classification), older than the Himalayas, and run for ~1,600 km along India's western coast.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
Which peak — located within Eravikulam National Park — is the highest peak in southern India (south of the Himalayas)?
- A.Doddabetta
- B.Mullayanagiri
- C.Anamudi
- D.Kalsubai
Show solution
Answer: C. Anamudi
Anamudi (2,695 metres) is the highest peak in southern India (south of the Himalayas), located in Eravikulam National Park in Idukki district of Kerala. The name means 'elephant forehead' in Malayalam. Doddabetta (~2,637 m) is the highest peak in the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu. Mullayanagiri (~1,930 m) is in Karnataka. Kalsubai (~1,646 m) is in Maharashtra.
Read source story → - Science & Tech27 Apr 2026
The largest population of Nilgiri Tahr is found in which national park?
- A.Periyar National Park
- B.Eravikulam National Park
- C.Bandipur National Park
- D.Mudumalai National Park
Show solution
Answer: B. Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park in Idukki district of Kerala (established 1978, ~97 sq km) hosts the largest population of Nilgiri Tahr. The park is located in the Anamalai-High Range region of the Western Ghats and contains Anamudi peak (2,695 m — highest peak south of the Himalayas). Other significant Nilgiri Tahr populations are in the Nilgiris and Anamalai hills.
Read source story → - Science & Tech26 Apr 2026
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), established under the Disaster Management Act 2005, is chaired by:
- A.The Home Minister
- B.The Prime Minister
- C.The President
- D.The Cabinet Secretary
Show solution
Answer: B. The Prime Minister
The NDMA is chaired by the PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA, with up to 9 members. It is the apex body for disaster management in India under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) — including APSDMA — are chaired by respective Chief Ministers; District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) are chaired by District Magistrates/Collectors.
Read source story → - Science & Tech26 Apr 2026
Which Indian city launched the COUNTRY'S FIRST Heat Action Plan (HAP) in 2013, in response to the deadly 2010 heatwave?
- A.Delhi
- B.Ahmedabad
- C.Mumbai
- D.Chennai
Show solution
Answer: B. Ahmedabad
AHMEDABAD launched India's FIRST Heat Action Plan (HAP) in 2013, in response to the 2010 Ahmedabad heatwave that caused approximately 1,344 excess deaths. The Ahmedabad HAP became the model for subsequent state and city HAPs across India. As of recent counts, over 23 Indian states have notified HAPs.
Read source story → - Science & Tech26 Apr 2026
Per IMD criteria, a HEATWAVE in plains regions of India is declared when the maximum temperature is at least:
- A.35°C with 3-4°C departure from normal
- B.40°C with 5-6°C departure from normal
- C.30°C with 5-6°C departure from normal
- D.37°C with 7°C+ departure from normal
Show solution
Answer: B. 40°C with 5-6°C departure from normal
Per India Meteorological Department (IMD) criteria, for PLAINS regions a heatwave is declared when the maximum temperature is at least 40°C AND the departure from normal is 5-6°C (heatwave) or 7°C+ (severe heatwave). For HILLS, the threshold is at least 30°C; for COASTAL areas, at least 37°C.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
According to the satellite-based global study published in 2025, which two Indian cities have landfills among the world's top 25 methane-emitting waste sites?
- A.Delhi and Bengaluru
- B.Mumbai and Secunderabad
- C.Kolkata and Hyderabad
- D.Chennai and Pune
Show solution
Answer: B. Mumbai and Secunderabad
The study — using Carbon Mapper satellite data and analysed by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) through its Stop Methane Project — identified landfill sites in Mumbai and Secunderabad among the top 25 global methane-emitting waste sites in 2025. The study analysed 2,994 methane plumes from 707 waste sites worldwide.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
Which of the following is the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal helpline number in India?
- A.1090
- B.1098
- C.1930
- D.100
Show solution
Answer: C. 1930
The National Cyber Crime Reporting helpline number in India is 1930. The portal (cybercrime.gov.in) and helpline are run by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) under the Ministry of Home Affairs, operationalised 2018-19. (1090 is the women-in-distress helpline in some states; 1098 is CHILDLINE; 100 is the police emergency helpline.)
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by:
- A.Isaac Newton
- B.William Herschel
- C.Albert Einstein
- D.Michael Faraday
Show solution
Answer: B. William Herschel
Infrared radiation was discovered by William Herschel in 1800 — the first electromagnetic radiation discovered beyond visible light. Herschel was experimenting with prism-decomposed sunlight when he noticed heating effects in the region just beyond the visible red end of the spectrum.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
The defensive coalition 'Project Glasswing', referenced in the reportage on AI cybersecurity tools, reportedly includes which of the following companies?
- A.AWS, Google, and Microsoft
- B.Apple, Facebook, and Twitter
- C.Salesforce, Oracle, and IBM
- D.Tesla, Uber, and Airbnb
Show solution
Answer: A. AWS, Google, and Microsoft
Per the reportage, Project Glasswing is a defensive coalition that reportedly includes Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google, and Microsoft, coordinating protection against cyber threats using shared AI tools. Coalitions of this kind aim to pool detection capability and threat intelligence across major cloud providers.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
Which Act is India's primary cyber-legislation, originally passed in 2000 with major amendments in 2008 adding cybercrime and intermediary liability provisions?
- A.Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
- B.Information Technology Act, 2000
- C.Telecommunications Act, 2023
- D.Indian Penal Code, 1860
Show solution
Answer: B. Information Technology Act, 2000
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) is India's primary cyber-legislation. Major amendments in 2008 added cybercrime provisions, intermediary liability framework, and electronic governance updates. The Act is administered by MeitY. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 is a separate (and more recent) law focused specifically on personal data protection.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
Infrared (IR) radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum is located between:
- A.Visible light and ultraviolet
- B.Visible light and microwaves
- C.X-rays and gamma rays
- D.Radio waves and microwaves
Show solution
Answer: B. Visible light and microwaves
Infrared (IR) radiation lies between visible light (specifically below visible red) and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum. The order in increasing frequency is: Radio waves → Microwaves → Infrared → Visible light → Ultraviolet → X-rays → Gamma rays. IR was discovered by William Herschel in 1800.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
In a LED-based infrared (IR) sensor, which component DETECTS the reflected IR light from an object and allows current flow?
- A.IR LED
- B.Photodiode
- C.Capacitor
- D.Resistor
Show solution
Answer: B. Photodiode
The PHOTODIODE detects reflected IR light and allows current flow, acting like a switch. The IR LED is the emitter that produces the IR light. The 5-step working: (1) IR LED emits infrared light; (2) IR travels forward; (3) Object reflects IR back; (4) Photodiode detects + allows current flow; (5) Electrical signal activates connected system.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) — India's national nodal agency for cybersecurity incident response — functions under which Ministry?
- A.Ministry of Home Affairs
- B.Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
- C.Ministry of Defence
- D.Ministry of External Affairs
Show solution
Answer: B. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) functions under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). It was established under Section 70B of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (added by the 2008 Amendment). The CERT-In Directions of April 2022 require service providers to report cyber incidents within six hours.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
What proportion of Indian tobacco product packaging is covered by pictorial health warnings under current rules?
- A.40%
- B.60%
- C.75%
- D.85%
Show solution
Answer: D. 85%
India's pictorial health warnings on tobacco product packaging cover 85% of the principal display area — among the largest globally, since 2016. The warnings are rotated periodically and designed to depict severe health consequences of tobacco use.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
India ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) on:
- A.21 May 2003
- B.5 February 2004
- C.27 February 2005
- D.31 March 2007
Show solution
Answer: B. 5 February 2004
India ratified the WHO-FCTC on 5 February 2004 — making it the 8th country to do so. The WHO-FCTC was adopted by WHO Member States on 21 May 2003 and entered into force globally on 27 February 2005. It is the first global health treaty under WHO.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
India's primary tobacco-control legislation — banning smoking in public places and regulating tobacco product trade — is:
- A.Public Health (Prevention) Act, 2005
- B.Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003
- C.Smoking and Tobacco Control Act, 2007
- D.Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes Act, 2019
Show solution
Answer: B. Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003
The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 is India's primary tobacco-control legislation. It bans smoking in public places, prohibits sale of tobacco products to minors and within 100 yards of educational institutions, and regulates advertising and packaging. The Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes Act, 2019 is a separate, more recent law specifically banning e-cigarettes.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
According to the BMJ Global Health study, approximately how many Indian households could move into a higher income category if tobacco consumption were eliminated?
- A.5.62 million
- B.10 million
- C.20.49 million
- D.267 million
Show solution
Answer: C. 20.49 million
The study estimates approximately 20.49 million households (10.6% of all households) have the potential to improve their economic standing by giving up tobacco. 5.62 million is the figure for the poorest households who could rise out of poverty entirely; 267 million is India's estimated total tobacco-user base.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
Under the Panchamrit (five climate pledges) announced by PM Modi at COP26 Glasgow in November 2021, India committed to achieving net-zero emissions by:
- A.2050
- B.2060
- C.2070
- D.2080
Show solution
Answer: C. 2070
Under the Panchamrit pledges at COP26 Glasgow (November 2021), PM Modi committed India to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. The other four pledges are: 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030, 50% energy from RE by 2030, 1 billion tonnes CO2 reduction by 2030, and carbon intensity 45% reduction by 2030.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
India is currently the _____ largest wind energy producer globally.
- A.Second
- B.Third
- C.Fourth
- D.Fifth
Show solution
Answer: C. Fourth
India is the 4th-largest wind energy producer globally — after China (largest, ~450+ GW), United States (~150+ GW), and Germany (~70+ GW). India's installed capacity now exceeds 56.1 GW after the FY 2025-26 addition.
Read source story → - Science & Tech25 Apr 2026
India's total installed wind energy capacity has crossed which milestone after the addition of 6.1 GW in 2025-26?
- A.46.1 GW
- B.56.1 GW
- C.76.1 GW
- D.100 GW
Show solution
Answer: B. 56.1 GW
India's total installed wind energy capacity crossed 56.1 GW after the addition of 6.1 GW in 2025-26. This consolidates India's position as the 4th-largest wind energy producer globally (after China, USA, and Germany). The 100 GW figure is the 2030 TARGET, not the current capacity.
Read source story →